Abstract

Most adult males or females suffer from oral and maxillofacial (M-F) defects. Serious diseases or injuries caused extensive damage to the oral and maxillofacial region. These types of injuries can destroy cell structure in hard and soft tissues of jaws, oro-nasal area, eyes, and facial skeleton. Many studies have been reported on the causative factors and therapeutic approaches of maxillofacial defects. One of the important reasons for oral and M-F defects is dysregulation of different mRNAs in various types of M-F defect. Also, the effect of some molecules, materials, and proteins on the expression of mRNAs can result in elevation or inverse inhibition of M-F defects. This chapter reviews and discusses the expression of some mRNAs across different oral and M-F defects, examines the expression of mRNAs associated with oral and M-F after transferring various mesenchymal stem cells, along with the impact of some materials or molecules on mRNAs expression, and some available therapeutic approaches in this area.