Abstract

Attention to future and its increasing changes are considered as one of the most urgent necessities of any crisis management system, and the appropriate knowledge of the future boosts the crisis management capabilities. Given the increasing incidence of accidents in the world and the significant increase in casualties, damage, the changing environment of the environment, traditional approaches and crisis response management will not have good consequences. Thus, various tendencies have been developed towards a systematic and precise approach towards the future using scientifically valid methods and tools, in which the science of futures research, which has been around for more than seventy years, has been developing various approaches, theories, and tools in different countries. Recognizing the future is one of its focuses to prepare for crises and prevent overwhelming future events. On the other hand, for systematic implementation, the collection of concepts and patterns of futures studies requires the use of executive templates and models. Since the 1990s, these patterns have been deployed with different approaches in the world and changed from a random to systematic state. The aim of this paper was to identify how to classify existing futures patterns in crisis management in the world over the past decade. In this regard, prominent models are identified in the field of foresight of crisis management in the world and compared in a comparative way. The methodology used in this paper is library-documentary regarding data collection and the approach was taken is qualitative, comparative in terms of data analysis. This research is applied in terms of research orientations because it examines executive models of crisis management in the world and tries to provide a specific classification for the purpose of clarifying the use of future-oriented models in crisis management. This paper identified and compared nine approaches to crisis management designed and applied in a comparative way. Each of these models represented a kind of thinking, attitude towards the future, planning, and advocacy on it. The results of this study are presented in the form of adaptive tables relating to the models. These results show that the future studies models in crisis management have undergone an evolutionary process, and have gone through the same timeline as technology's foresight with time lapse. In this regard, the use of future study methods separately, the use of different approaches and the use of strategic foresight in crisis management are among the various model used in the world. This paper tried to provide ground to explain the approaches and models of crisis management in the future and provide a framework for users to make the best use of the future-oriented approach to crisis management.